Nutrition
 

The supply of beech with phosphorus and, in part, magnesium has decreased continuously since the observations were started. The proportion of plots with low phosphorus supply increased from 9% to 80%; with low magnesium from 11 to 50%. Consequences are disharmonic relations between  nitrogen on the one hand and phosphorus or magnesium on the other hand. Nutrition in Norway spruce changed less, but the ratios between nitrogen and phosphorus are disharmonic, too. See also the section on the effect of nitrogen on nutrition. 

    
Development of the proportion of beech observation plots with suboptimal (yellow) or deficient (red) nutrient concentrations. Left phosphorus, right magnesium.
 
Discoloured beech leaves with a magnesium concentration of 0.4 mg/g d.m. (this corresponds to a deficiency by 60%).